[33] Echidna is sometimes identified with the Viper who was the mother by Heracles, of Scythes, an eponymous king of the Scythians, along with his brothers Agathyrsus and Gelonus (see below). They are principally depicted in three forms: wholly human with snakes on the heads and necks, common serpents, or as half-human half-snake beings. Its name derives from the bull-god, Minos, a major deity of the Minoan civilization of Crete, as well as a king who demanded sacrifices of Athenian youths to feed it. A female naga is a "Nagi", "Nagin", or "Nagini". In legend, when the plant is dug up, its screams can kill anyone who hears it. [56], Quintus Smyrnaeus locates her cave "close on the borders of Eternal Night". For an overview of snake images in Ganesha iconography, see: Martin-Dubost, Paul (1997). The examples of naga sculpture can be found in several Javanese candis, including Prambanan, Sambisari, Ijo, and Jawi.

They act as a guard upon Mount Sumeru, protecting the dēvas of Trāyastriṃśa from attack by the asuras. The sphinx is a creature with the head of a human and the body and haunches of a lion and sometimes the wings of an eagle and tail of a snake. There are several words for "snake" in general, and one of the very commonly used ones is sarpá (सर्प). Nonnus makes Echidna the mother of an unnamed, venom spitting, "huge" son, with "snaky" feet, an ally of Cronus in his war with Zeus, who was killed by Ares. The legend has persisted for quite a while. [30], Due to the strong relation with everything water, nāgas in Thai belief also plays a role in rain control. In Greek mythology, Echidna (/ ɪˈkɪdnə /; Greek: Ἔχιδνα, "She-Viper") was a monster, half-woman and half-snake, who lived alone in a cave. The seven-headed nagas often depicted as guardian statues, carved as balustrades on causeways leading to main Cambodian temples, such as those found in Angkor Wat. [5] The mythographer Pherecydes of Athens (5th century BC) has Echidna as the daughter of Phorcys, without naming a mother. In Laos they are beaked water serpents. The kingdom was believed to be built with aids of nāgas and thus nagas were highly reverend by the royal family. [46] According to Strabo, the historian Posidonius identified the Arimoi with the Aramaeans of Syria. [6] Their power and venom made them potentially dangerous to humans. [4] The oldest genealogy relating to Echidna, Hesiod's Theogony (c. 8th – 7th century BC), is unclear on several points. However, they often took beneficial protagonist role in Hindu mythology, such as in Samudra manthan mythology, Vasuki, a nāgarāja who abides on Shiva's neck, became the churning rope for churning of the Ocean of Milk. Odd-headed naga symbolise the Male Energy, Infinity, Timelessness, and Immortality. A satyr chats with a Maenead, one of Dionysus's other followers. [15] Then the king takes the form of a young Brahmin and renders the Buddha homage.[15]. [29] The naga is incorporated extensively into Lao iconography, and features prominently in Lao culture throughout the length of the country, not only in Vientiane. Another fantasy creature from Greek stories is the satyr, a creature who is part goat, part man.

It is believed to be the cause of eclipses, earthquakes, rains, and wind.

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The Theogony mentions a second ambiguous “she” as the mother of the Chimera (a fire-breathing beast that was part lion, part goat, and had a snake-headed tail) which may refer to Echidna, though possibly the Hydra or even Ceto was meant instead. The nāgas are believed to both live on Nagaloka, among the other minor deities, and in various parts of the human-inhabited earth. Heracles was driving the cattle of Geryones through what would later become Scythia, when one morning he awoke and discovered that his horses had disappeared.

[15] First there was Orthrus,[16] the two-headed dog who guarded the Cattle of Geryon, second Cerberus,[17] the multiheaded dog who guarded the gates of Hades, and third the Lernaean Hydra,[18] the many-headed serpent who, when one of its heads was cut off, grew two more. [13] Nonnus, in his Dionysiaca, describes Echidna as being "hideous", with "horrible poison".

For a discussion of Echidna's varying genealogy see Ogden 2013a. nāga granting water) concept is used for annual rainfall prediction.

Hesiod (though he does not name it Ladon) gives the dragon's parents as Ceto and Phorcys.

[9], Hesiod's Echidna was half beautiful maiden and half fearsome snake.


[14], According to Hesiod's Theogony, the "terrible" and "lawless" Typhon, "was joined in love to [Echidna], the maid with glancing eyes" and she bore "fierce offspring". So fearsome were these creatures that anyone gazing on them directly was turned to stone. Mythical Creatures: The Monsters from Greek Mythology, The Centaur: Half Human, Half Horse of Greek Mythology, The Minotaur: Half Man, Half Bull Monster of Greek Mythology, Monsters and Mythical Creatures of Ancient Egypt, Medusa: The Ancient Greek Myth of the Snake-Haired Gorgon, Famous Stories About Men and Women From Greek Mythology, Ancient Greek Flood Myth of Deucalion and Pyrrha, The 10 Greatest Heroes of Greek Mythology, M.A., Linguistics, University of Minnesota.

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